Personalization



Personalised medicine aims to assign a patient the optimal treatment, based on their predicted response; thereby moving from average group outcomes towards the prediction of outcomes for individual patients. The challenge of choosing a drug treatment for a particular patient with mental illness could be guided by an understanding of patient characteristics associated with better treatment outcomes. In the case of personalising treatment for severe mental illness, there is ongoing work focusing on genome-wide associations and biomarkers (for example, from functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography). However, these approaches have yet to bear fruit clinically; early attempts have been plagued by failures to replicate findings and small sample sizes. In the case of genomics, the low frequency of identified response-associated alleles means genetic testing alone is yet to be predictive in patients. Many of these approaches will also be challenging to deliver in routine practice, but any valid prediction arising from this work could be paired with the methods the aiMH lab is implementing.
Despite the rich data available, little attention has been paid to predictive analytics using other data sources such as electronic health registers, population-based registers or remote monitoring, which can provide real world outcomes and adverse event information for large numbers of patients with mental illness. Given the increasing number of variables available, flexible machine learning procedures may usefully complement hypothesis driven traditional regression methods, because of the ability to discover hidden risk factors and interactions, nonlinear, and higher-order effects, as well as to approximate intricate functions that are poorly represented by individual covariate or interaction terms. The aiMH Lab project - PrISM (Predicting pharmacological treatment Response In Severe Mental illness) aims to deliver a suite of prediction models for optimising treatment response and minimising risk of adverse effects at different illness stages in severe mental illness.

Publications


Comparative cardiometabolic safety and effectiveness of aripiprazole in people with severe mental illness: A target trial emulation


A. Richards-Belle, N. Launders, S. Hardoon, Alexander L. Richards, K. K. Man, N. Davies, E. Bramon, Joseph F Hayes, David P J Osborn

PLoS Medicine, 2025


Incidence and Nature of Antidepressant Discontinuation Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.


Michail Kalfas, Dimosthenis Tsapekos, Matthew Butler, Robert A. McCutcheon, T. Pillinger, R. Strawbridge, Bhagyashree Bhaskar Bhat, Peter M. Haddad, Phil Cowen, Oliver D. Howes, Dan W Joyce, D. J. Nutt, David S. Baldwin, Carmine M. Pariante, Gemma Lewis, Allan H. Young, Glyn Lewis, Joseph F Hayes, S. Jauhar

JAMA psychiatry, 2025


Characteristics of people with severe mental illness excluded from incentivised physical health checks in the UK: electronic healthcare record study.


N. Launders, C. Jackson, Joseph F Hayes, A. John, Robert Stewart, M. Iveson, E. Bramon, Bruce Guthrie, Stewart W. Mercer, D. Osborn

The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 2025


Holistic prevention and management of physical health side-effects of psychotropic medication: second report of the Lancet Psychiatry Physical Health Commission.


Sean Halstead, Chloe X Yap, N. Warren, Sri Mahavir Agarwal, B. Brand, Sherry Kit Wa Chan, A. Cipriani, C. Correll, N. Crossley, Enrico D'Ambrosio, R. Emsley, Joseph Firth, Fiona Gaughran, S. Gee, Margaret Hahn, Joseph F Hayes, A. Heald, Oliver D Howes, John M. Kane, Maria Kapi, Stefan Leucht, Nicholas Meyer, Brian O’Donoghue, Emmanuel Okeke, Benjamin I Perry, Marco Solmi, Iris E. Sommer, Vivek Srivastava, H. Taipale, David Taylor, J. Tiihonen, Allan H Young, Robert A. McCutcheon, D. Siskind, T. Pillinger

Lancet psychiatry, 2025


Exploring the co-occurrence of depression, anxiety and insomnia symptoms, diagnoses and treatments in primary care: observational study using UK primary care data.


Danielle Nimmons, J. C. Bazo-Alvarez, C. Avgerinou, Joseph Hayes, David Osborn, Claudia Cooper, I. Petersen, Kate Walters

BJPsych Open, 2024


Exploring the co-occurrence of depression, anxiety and insomnia symptoms, diagnoses and treatments in primary care: observational study using UK primary care data


Danielle Nimmons, J. C. Bazo-Alvarez, C. Avgerinou, Joseph Hayes, David P J Osborn, Claudia Cooper, I. Petersen, Kate Walters

BJPsych Open, 2024


Predicting maintenance lithium response for bipolar disorder from electronic health records—a retrospective study


Joseph F Hayes, Fehmi Ben Abdesslem, Sandra Eloranta, David P J Osborn, M. Boman

PeerJ, 2024


Prevalence and patient characteristics associated with cardiovascular disease risk factor screening in UK primary care for people with severe mental illness: an electronic healthcare record study


N. Launders, C. Jackson, Joseph F Hayes, A. John, Robert Stewart, M. Iveson, E. Bramon, Bruce Guthrie, Stewart W. Mercer, David Osborn

medRxiv, 2024


Systemic medications and dementia risk: an umbrella review


N. Mukadam, Clara Belessiotis, Ying Feng Yap, Shivangi Talwar, Andrea Bruun, Wenqianglong Li, Harry Ward, Pilar A Letrondo, Madeleine Morelli‐Batters, Rongyu Lin, Michelle Eskinazi, Talen Wright, Joseph Hayes

Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2024


Lithium and the risk of fractures in patients with bipolar disorder: A population-based cohort study


V. W. Ng, M. T. Leung, W. Lau, Esther W. Chan, Joseph F. Hayes, David P J Osborn, Ching-Lung Cheung, Ian C. K. Wong, K. Man

Psychiatry Research, 2024


Delirium risk and mortality in people with pre-existing severe mental illness: a retrospective cohort study using linked datasets in England


Yehudit Bauernfreund, N. Launders, Graziella Favarato, Joseph F Hayes, D. Osborn, Elizabeth L. Sampson

Psychological Medicine, 2024


Common mental health disorders in adults with inflammatory skin conditions: nationwide population-based matched cohort studies in the UK


Alasdair D. Henderson, Elizabeth I Adesanya, A. Mulick, J. Matthewman, Nhung Vu, Firoza Davies, Catherine Smith, Joseph F Hayes, K. Mansfield, S. Langan

BMC Medicine, 2023


Vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac against SARS-CoV-2 omicron infection and related hospital admission among people with substance use disorder in Hong Kong: a matched case-control study


Caige Huang, Yue Wei, Vincent K. C. Yan, Xuxiao Ye, Wei Kang, H. H. Yiu, J. Shami, B. Cowling, M. Tse, D. J. Castle, C. Chui, F. Lai, Xia Li, E. Wan, C. Wong, Joseph F Hayes, W. Chang, A. K. Chung, Chak S. Lau, I. Wong, E. Chan

Lancet psychiatry, 2023


Severe Mental Illness Among Adults with Atopic Eczema or Psoriasis: Population-Based Matched Cohort Studies within UK Primary Care


Elizabeth I Adesanya, Alasdair D Henderson, J. Matthewman, K. Bhate, Joseph F Hayes, A. Mulick, R. Mathur, Catherine Smith, H. Carreira, S. Rathod, S. Langan, K. Mansfield

Clinical Epidemiology, 2023


Predicting Lithium vs Olanzapine Treatment Response in Bipolar Disorder Using Machine Learning


Joseph F. Hayes, Fehmi Ben Abdesslem, M. Boman, David Osborn

Social Science Research Network, 2023


The effects of community treatment orders (CTOs) on readmission to hospital using electronic health records


Justin C Yang, Johan H Thygesen, N. Werbeloff, David Kelsey, Dominique Merlande, Joseph Hayes, David PJ Osborn

medRxiv, 2023


Electronic screening for mental illness in patients with psoriasis


K. Bechman, Joseph F Hayes, Julian Mathewman, Alasdair D. Henderson, Elizabeth I Adesanya, K. Mansfield, Catherine H. Smith, J. Galloway, S. Langan

British Journal of Dermatology, 2023


Association between the pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder and risk of traumatic injuries: a self-controlled case series study.


V. W. W. Ng, Le Gao, E. Chan, Ho Ming Edwin Lee, J. Hayes, D. Osborn, T. Rainer, K. Man, I. C. Wong

Psychological medicine, 2022


Association of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics and Oral Antipsychotics With Disease Relapse, Health Care Use, and Adverse Events Among People With Schizophrenia


Yue Wei, Vincent K. C. Yan, Wei Kang, I. Wong, D. J. Castle, Le Gao, C. Chui, K. Man, J. Hayes, W. Chang, E. Chan

JAMA network open, 2022


Prediction of individuals at high risk of chronic kidney disease during treatment with lithium for bipolar disorder


J. Hayes, D. Osborn, E. Francis, G. Ambler, L. Tomlinson, M. Boman, I. Wong, J. Geddes, C. Dalman, Glyn Lewis

BMC Medicine, 2021


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